Gonbad-e Qābus brick tower which dates back to 10th century,is the remnant of an ancient glorious

building and is located in downtown. This massive brick building is known as the world’s tallest brick.

tower. The structure is located on a highly -active seismic region and needs to be retrofitted properly due

to its historical significance. The purpose of this article is to provide some methods for rehabilitation for

the existing brick structure through some common structural analyses. One of the most unique and

prominent monuments of Iranian architecture in the Islamic period is the Gonbad Kavous brick tower

with national monuments registration number of 86.

Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System is an island city from the Sassanid era with a complex irrigation

system, situated in Iran’s Khuzestan Province. It has been registered on UNESCO’s list of World

Heritage Sites in 2009, as Iran’s 10th cultural heritage site to be registered on the United Nation’s list.

The Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System demonstrates outstanding universal value as in its present

form, it dates from the 3rd century CE, probably on older bases from the 5th century BCE. It is complete,

with numerous functions, and large-scale, making it exceptional. The Shushtar system is a homogeneous

hydraulic system, designed globally and completed in the 3rd century CE. It is as rich in its diversity of

civil engineering structures and its constructions as in the diversity of its uses (urban water supply, mills,

irrigation, river transport, and defensive system). The Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System testifies to

the heritage and the synthesis of earlier Elamite and Mesopotamian knowhow, it was probably

influenced by the Petra dam and tunnel and by Roman civil engineering. The Shushtar hydraulic system,

in its ensemble and most particularly the Shâdorvân Grand Weir (bridge-dam), has been considered a

Wonder of the World not only by the Persians but also by the Arab-Muslims at the peak of their

civilisation. The Gargar canal is a veritable artificial watercourse which made possible the construction

of a new town and the irrigation of a vast plain, at the time semi-desert. The Shushtar Historical

Hydraulic System sits in an urban and rural landscape specific to the expression of its value. Med-

O-Med considers the site an Associative Cultural Landscape (as well as “Qanats Cultural Landscape”),

“Sassanid Archaeological Landscape of Fars Region in Iran inscribed on World Heritage List afterintense

discussions on criteria!,’ Director of UNESCO Division for Heritage & UNESCO World Heritage Centre

Mechtild Rossler wrote in her twitter account.

Meanwhile, Resident Advisor of Smithsonian Institution, which is a museum in Washington, Alexander

Now 23 sites in Iran have been inscribed in UNESCO World Heritage List.

The ancient town of Soltaniyeh is located approximately 40 km west of Zanjan on the old road of Zanjan-

Qazvin. Driving from any direction, you can redirect a bit into the present town of Soltaniyeh and pay a

short visit to a fantastic site, Soltaniyeh Mausoleum. It’s a tangible cultural heritage site in UNESCO

List. This town thrived under Oljayto, the Mongol king of Ilkhanid dynasty in Iran (14th century) and

turned into the capital city of Iran.

He decided to build this burial structure in the early 14th century because of his religious interest in

Imam Ali, the first Shiite Imam as well as the rest of the Shiites’ imams. Eventually, he communicated

with the religious leaders of Najaf and Karbala, today’s Iraqi cities, and got informed that exhumation

wasn’t allowed in Islam. According to many researchers, as he wasn’t allowed to bring back the bones of

all the Imams to this mausoleum, he was the person who was finally buried there. Of course, some other

researchers disagree with this assumption.

Shush or the ancient city of Susa is considered one of the oldest world human settlements with a history

of more than 6000 years registered in UNESCO’s list. According to the documents and evidences of the

antiquity, Susa has been one of the main Iranian cities known for its magnificence. Even older than this

city, in the vicinity of this settlement center, there have been unearthed the remnants of a village dating

back to 7000 years ago.

The first rediscovery of this city was carried out by a Jewish rabbi called Benjamin bin Jinnah in early

12th century. Later, William Kennett Loftus from the UK initiated the first excavation in this region in

1850. More than other archaeologists, the French Professor, Roman Girshman, explored this site and

divided Shush into 15 ancient layers.

The area surrounding Takht-e Soleymān was probably first inhabited sometime in the 1st millennium

bce. Some construction on the mound itself dates from the early Achaemenian dynasty (559–330 bce),

and there are traces of settlement activity from the Parthian period. At some point during its occupation

—probably sometime during the Sāsānian dynasty—a thick wall of mud brick, interspersed with

semicircular bastions, was constructed around the entire perimeter of the mound. Gates are located on

the north, south, and southeast sections of the wall.

The ruins of the holy city of the Kingdom of Elam, surrounded by three huge concentric walls, are found

at Tchogha Zanbil. Founded c. 1250 B.C., the city remained unfinished after it was invaded by

Ashurbanipal, as shown by the thousands of unused bricks left at the site.

“Located in ancient Elam (today Khuzestan province in southwest Iran), Tchogha Zanbil (Dur-Untash,

or City of Untash, in Elamite) was founded by the Elamite king Untash-Napirisha (1275-1240 BCE) as

the religious centre of Elam. The principal element of this complex is an enormous ziggurat dedicated to

the Elamite divinities Inshushinak and Napirisha. It is the largest ziggurat outside of Mesopotamia and

the best preserved of this type of stepped pyramidal monument. The archaeological site of Tchogha

Zanbil is an exceptional expression of the culture, beliefs, and ritual traditions of one of the oldest

indigenous peoples of Iran.”

The Persian Garden refers to a tradition and style of garden design which originated in Persia and which

influenced the design of gardens throughout the larger region. ¡ The origin of Persian gardens may date

back as far as 4000 BCE; The main purpose behind building such gardens was to provide relaxation in

different manner such as spiritual, leisurely (e.g. meetings with friends). ¡ “Pairi daeza” means enclosed

space in Persian language. This Christian mythology adopted this term to describe the Garden of Eden or

paradise on earth. A high surrounding wall • Straight tile-lined channels of water • Bubbling fountains •

Trees for shade and fruit • A Pavilion or gazebo • Strong emphasis on flowers in beds and pots Common

features of Persian gardens

The Persian Garden refers to a tradition and style of garden design which originated in Persia and which

influenced the design of gardens throughout the larger region. ¡ The origin of Persian gardens may date

back as far as 4000 BCE; The main purpose behind building such gardens was to provide relaxation in

different manner such as spiritual, leisurely (e.g. meetings with friends). ¡ “Pairi daeza” means enclosed

space in Persian language. This Christian mythology adopted this term to describe the Garden of Eden or

paradise on earth. A high surrounding wall • Straight tile-lined channels of water • Bubbling fountains •

Trees for shade and fruit • A Pavilion or gazebo • Strong emphasis on flowers in beds and pots Common

features of Persian gardens

The Lut Desert (also known as Dasht-e-Lut), is located in the south-east of Iran. Between June and

October, strong winds sweep the arid subtropical area between June and October and move sediment to

cause aeolian erosion. As a result of the erosion, the site presents some of the most remarkable cases of

aeolian yardang landforms.

The desert contains extensive stony deserts and dune fields. The property represents an exceptional

example of ongoing geological processes.

Lut Desert is one of the hottest and driest deserts in the world and is spread among the three provinces

of south Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan and Kerman. It has covered about 10 percent of Iran’s extent.